Music And Modern Technology - 1870 Words

Name: Rachit Choudhary Student Number: 500635844 Course: MUS 505 Date: 17th November 2017 Music and Modern Technology Technology has led to massive changes in the way of life of the people living in the world today. The music industry is greatly affected by the developing technology each day and both the musicians, producers and their audience are all affected several ways by the technological development each day. As a result of the technology, music has evolved from the ancient time when the audience could only access the musicians on live performances until today when people can access the music on their gadgets (Montobbio Rampa, 2005). The components of the music industry which include the instruments, recording, videography and†¦show more content†¦The musicians can solely perform a whole song with a variation of beats alone courtesy of the loop pedals which is one of the technological advancement that has led to music evolution. The current day studios are characterized by a high technology to allow the best quality of music to be produced. When multi-tracking was introduced it allowed the musicians to produce the songs in different parts and time and then combine the music into one. The auto-tuning allows the music produced to be in perfection since any variation in the pitch can be detected and tuned accordingly to yield a perfect code (Shapiro, 2010). The continued growth and emergence of disk jockeys that can combine many songs probably of the same genre allow audience to enjoy the kind of music that fits them. Musicians adjust very fast in order to keep up the technology in the industry which has become very competitive as a result of the advancement. The creativity of a certain musician on how to make use of the current day technology makes them more successful in comparison with the ones who do not adjust (King Himonides, 2016). They ensure that any song that is released is made available to the social media and digital streaming platforms to allow for faster distribution. Justin Bieber is one of most celebrated Americas contemporary musician. Despite his young age, he has made tremendous strides towards his music career. He has made history as heShow MoreRelatedThe Most Common Theme Of Classic Country1361 Words   |  6 Pagesany electronic instruments added to classic country music (Aaron Lewis). Another theme in classic country performances are the outfits the artists wear. Almost every artist I researched had on a cowboy hat, cowboy boots, jeans, and a flannel jacket (Aaron Lewis). This hillbilly style look is one of classic countries most signature identities. Along with the look of the artists the farming/country land feel has become very integrated in the music itself. The classic country arts constantly sing aboutRead MoreComparing Folk Rock And Baroque Music1097 Words   |  5 PagesAlbinoni Meiona Pickett Music Appreciation-MUSI200 August 27, 2017 American Public University System Comparing Folk Rock and Baroque Music: The Alabama Shakes vs. Tomaso Albinoni Throughout mankind’s history, music has been used as a vital form of human expression. Whether capturing and conveying feelings of sorrow, rage, triumph, or love, its primary purpose has always been enthralling and resonating with its listeners. Over the years, the emergence of new technologies and musical tastesRead MoreHumanities Today Essay745 Words   |  3 Pagessciences (Humanities Definition, para 1).   The humanities include ancient and modern languages, literature, history, philosophy, religion, and visual and performing arts like music and theatre. 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Dance companies have almost been revolutionised by the use of modern technologyRead MoreMusic has Accompanied Man through History656 Words   |  3 PagesUndoubtedly we are talking about music. As defined in the Oxford English Dictionary, music is â€Å"the art or science of combining vocal or instrumental sounds to produce beauty of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, expressive content, etc.† With the evolution of the universe, music similarly evolved especially after it became more and more developed with the interventions of humans and the impact that technology had left on it. Also, it is worthy to mention the voices that sang music; these amazing voices of legendaryRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1547 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, whoRead MoreGlobalization in the Music industry1293 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Globalization in the Music Industry Jonathan Ben Ami ACOM 388 The music industry has been around for over two centuries (PBS). Its volatility can be measured by its ability to shift and change according to its time period, the technologies that arise through the ages and the public’s shift in musical taste. The music industry is comprised of many different components, organizations and individuals that operate within it. Some of these componentsRead MoreSteve Jobs Role For Shaping The Modern Technology1219 Words   |  5 PagesAlhussain Comm 1101 Glenda Funk FEB 17th 2016 Topic: Steve Jobs role to shape the modern technology General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: I want my audience to know the role of co-founder and ex - Leader of the Apple Company, Steve Jobs for shaping the modern technology Thesis Statement: The three aspects of technology in which the Steve Jobs contributed hugely with breathtaking innovation and idea are: Music, Personal Computing and Smart Phone. Introduction I. [Attention getter] How many

Bill Gates and how the world was effected by his...

Bill Gates How he effected the world with his accomplishments nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;William Bill Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. He accomplished many unbelievable things, and highly influenced the people around him in many ways. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In University, Bill Gates was known to be the â€Å"smart computer nerd,† who totally amazed all of his friends with his knowledge. One of the people that he had influenced the most was Steve Ballmer, current Microsoft’s Chief Executive Officer, whose room was down the hall from Bill’s. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Not only were his roommates amazed by his accomplishments, but also were the people at IBM. They were in desperate need of a DOS operating system, which would†¦show more content†¦He was the second billionaire of his time. Just like Henry Ford, his main motivation was to create a product that would be used by everyone around the world, and positively change the way people compute; he explains in his biography, â€Å"Guided by a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. † This was a huge step up from the weak, and commonly used Mac OS, which was released by Apple Computers earlier. Over a short period of time, Microsoft’s new product became very popular for its simplicity in operation. Millions of people around the world decided to switch to Microsoft Windows. The sudden change from Mac OS to Windows was incredible. Bill Gat es’ product became such an important tool to businesses, homes, and schools. His foresights in the change of the computer industry were a large part of his success, â€Å"Gates foresight and vision regarding personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry. † nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Microsoft was able to knock out all of its competitors easily. Bill Gates’ strategy was to promote all of his products together. For example, he would attach Internet Explorer to Microsoft Windows, which was his top selling product. The majority of computer users around the world used Microsoft Windows, leaving a door open. It is said that they are able to buy out all of their competitors andShow MoreRelatedBill Gates and How the World Was Effected by His Accomplishments1203 Words   |  5 PagesBill Gates How he effected the world with his accomplishments William Bill Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. He accomplished many unbelievable things, and highly influenced the people around him in many ways. In University, Bill Gates was known to be the smart computer nerd, who totally amazed all of his friends with his knowledge. One of the people that he had influenced the most was Steve Ballmer, current Microsoft s Chief Executive Officer, whose room was down the hall from BillRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesdecade. Many organizations have shifted from employee’s performance appraisal system to employee’s performance management system. This paper has focused to study the evolution of employee’s performance appraisal system, critics the system suffered and how the performance management system came to the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to differentiate these two systems, employee’s performance appraisal and management system. This paper uses a review of the literature to evaluate the developmentRead MoreMaster Thesis Logistics Management in Retail Industry26467 Words   |  106 P agesunderstand and investigate how 7-Eleven company manages its logistics activities, distribution and applying information technology to achieve competitive advantages. Purpose: The purpose of thesis is, in retailing industry and retailing convenience store’s perspective, to identify and describe the way 7-Eleven manages and operates its retail convenience business focusing on several aspects; strategic fits, distribution and IT, which support 7-Eleven’s activities and how they contribute to competitiveRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depthRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesPrepare Letter ............................................................ Alternative Method for Membership Transfer ......................... Membership During Interval of Transfer ................................. Receiving of Members Disturbed by World Conditions ........... Counted in Statistical Reports .................................................. If Member Is Not Accepted ....................................................... No Letters to Members Under Discipline ............. ........Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . 311 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Behavior Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Goal-Setting Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 How Should Managers Motivate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 14—Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 What Is LeadershipRead MoreReport on Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan81517 Words   |  327 PagesReport No. 26072-PK Pakistan: Oil and Gas Sector Review July 10, 2003 Oil and Gas Policy Division Oil, Gas, Mining and Chemicals Department Private Sector Development and Infrastructure Document of the World Bank Currency Equivalents Currency Unit = Rupees (Rs) Rs. 1.00 = Paisa 100 US$1.00 = Rs. 58.35 * Rs. 1.0 = US$0.017138 Rs. 1,000,000 = US$17,138 *As of December 31, 2002 Measures And Equivalents 1 Kilometer (km) 1 Cubic Meter (m3) 1 Cubic Meter (m3) 1 Thousand Cubic FeetRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

Vergil as the Greatest of all Latin Poets Free Essays

Vergil is generally acknowledged as the greatest of all Latin poets. He was famous in his own lifetime and was the first poet in the history of Latin literature to be the subject of lectures given by a contemporary teacher. There seemed to be a great deal of interest in him and on his rare appearances in Rome he was pointed out in the streets as if he were a celebrity. We will write a custom essay sample on Vergil as the Greatest of all Latin Poets or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, in his private life he was know to be very shy and preferred the quiet countryside to the pandemonium of Rome. He was born as Publius Vergilius Maro in Andes, a small village, near Mantua (Mantova), Italy on October 15, 70 BC. He had two brothers; Silo, who died in his childhood, and Flaccus, who lived to be a young man. Vergil’s father, a potter and cattle farmer, worked hard to provide his son with an Aristocratic education. After he completed his studies in Cremona and Milan, Vergil went to Rome to study law and rhetoric at Epidius’ academy. It was in Rome that he met Gaius Maecenas, a Roman statesman and patron of the arts, who saw Vergil’s promise of greatness and sponsored his education. In addition he developed a friendship with Octavian, who later became Emperor Augustus. While in Rome, he studied alongside many prominent poets including Gaius Cornelius Gallus, Horace, and Lucius Varius Rufus. After leaving Rome, Vergil went to Naples to study under Siro. Here, he studied philosophy and also became a member of a group of Epicurean thinkers outside Naples. This group gathered in Campania, at a retreat known as â€Å"the Garden†, under the leadership of Siro, Vergil’s teacher and friend. Originally, Vergil wanted to study law but he gave up after pleading only one court case and devoted himself to philosophy and literature. He spent most of his life in the countryside of Campania, but kept a house on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, which was given to him by his friend and patron Maecenas. He wrote three major works in his lifetime. Early in his career he wrote the Ecologues, a book of 10 pastoral poems. This was followed by the Georgics, a didactic poem on farm life. His last and greatest work was the Aeneid, a mythological epic poem describing the seven-year wanderings of the hero Aeneas. Vergil’s first major work was composed between 42 and 37 BC. This was a ten book pastoral poem know as the Eclogues or Bucolic. It was modeled on the Idylls of Theocritus, an Alexandrian poet. Vergil’s emphasis is on graceful rhymes and the description of a romantic setting in northern Italy, but he also added many realistic details such as, his father’s eviction from his farm due to political seizure. The most famous of The Ecolouges, The fourth celebrates the birth of a child who is destined to usher in a new Golden Age of peace and goodwill. Critics have made definite connections between Vergil’s fictional characters and real people. Some have suggested that the divine birth refers to Mark Anthony, or possibly Vergil’s friend Octavian, who became Augustus, Rome’s first emperor. Still others see this divine birth as a reference to the birth of Christ. His next major work was the Georgics, or Art of Husbandry, which was written from 36 to 29 BC. It is a four-book poem that described the life of a farmer. Its inspiration is said to come from the Greek poet Hesiod’s Works and Days. Vergil’s position as the leading poet of the age was confirmed with the Georgics publication. The poem deals with planting, caring for orchards and vineyards, stock management, and beekeeping. However, the main emphasis is on the values of Roman life, particularly the work ethic. The poem was designed to be universal in scope with the topics of war, peace, death and resurrection concluding each book. Vergil devoted his last ten years to the composition of the Aeneid. This is his last and, by far, best known work. It was written between the years of 30 to 19 BC in twelve books. Modeled after Homer’s epics, the Iliad and the Odessey, the Aeneid is a mythological epic describing the seven-year wanderings of the Roman hero Aeneas, from the fall of Troy to his military victory in Italy. Aeneas, while central to the story, is more symbolic than realistic. His character exists to tell the story of the founding of Rome and to personify the Roman values of duty and responsibility. In the story, Aeneas escaped from Troy carrying his father on his shoulders and leading his young son Ascanius by the hand. He brought together a fleet of Trojans and sailed the eastern Mediterranean Sea to Thrace, Crete, Epirus, and Sicily before being shipwrecked on the coast of Africa. Here Dido, the queen of Carthage, fell in love with Aeneas. The two began to live together as husband and wife and Aeneas intended to make Carthage his home. Jupiter, king of the gods, warned Aeneas that he must leave Dido in order to continue on his destined mission to found Rome. In despair, Dido killed herself when Aeneas departed for Italy. After landing at the mouth of the Tiber River in Italy, Aeneas killed Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, in a war for the hand of Lavinia, who was the princess of Latium. According to Vergil, the Romans were direct descendents of Ascanius, the founder of Alba Longa, the mother city of Rome. The Aeneid is usually considered the first great literary epic, unlike the Iliad, which in essence is a work of oral poetry. The Aeneid was written as a deliberate attempt to glorify Rome at the request of Augustus Ceasar. The historical elements are especially prominent in books five through eight, the central portion of the poem. The Aeneid became a classic in its own day. All of Rome, particularly the royal family, followed the progress of the epic. Vergil would read aloud from rough drafts of the Aeneid to Augustus, his sister, Octavia, and Maecenas. As he refined his work during his later years, the poet led a comfortable life, devoting himself to historical research. In 19 BC, Vergil set out on a trip to Greece and Asia with the intention of revising his masterpiece. In Athens, he met Augustus and unfortunately became very ill during his stay in Greece. Augustus escorted his friend back to Brundisium, Italy, where he died before his epic could be revised to his satisfaction. To prevent the Aeneid from being read in rough form, Vergil left instructions that it be destroyed. Augustus, realizing the value of this work, intervened before this request could be carried out and assigned two of Vergil’s poet friends, Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, to edit the manuscript for publication. The work was completed near the end of 18 BC. It achieved immediate acceptance throughout the Mediterranean as the definitive Roman epic. On his deathbed, Vergil immortalized himself with a short epitaph, which his friends inscribed above his grave. It ends with this line: â€Å"I sang of pastures, farms and rulers†. This became a touching summary of his three great works. How to cite Vergil as the Greatest of all Latin Poets, Essay examples

Taxation Law Isolated Business Transaction

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law for Isolated Business Transaction. Answer: 1. The main objective of the current case is to comment whether the proceeds from the sale of the tennis courts by Peta is considered as ordinary income under the section 6(5). According to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, assessable income is derived either from ordinary income concepts or from isolated transaction (with profit motive). In this regards, there are two main sections are highlighted in the ITAA, 1997, which describe the origin of the assessable income (Gilders et. al., 2015). Section 15(15) when the prime intention on the part of the taxpayer is to generate the profit then in such cases the income received from the isolated transaction would be assessable for the taxation under the section 15(15) of ITAA, 1997 (Barkoczy, 2015).. The decision of the Westfield Limited v. FCT (1991) case is the witness of the above statement, which illustrates that the intention of taxpayer of deriving profit by isolated transaction causes assessable income for taxation purpose (Sadiq et. al., 2016). The same conclusion is also supported by tax ruling TR 92/3 (Woellner, 2014). Section 6(5) When the taxpayer derives income from the ordinary scheme then the received proceeds would be named as assessable income. There is no direct law or statute available for defining ordinary concepts. Therefore, the decision of the respective case laws is the main source to examine the nature of the income that either it is from ordinary concepts or from any other scheme (Deutsch et. al., 2015). Mainly three sources of ordinary income are observed as per the ruling, which are income from personal exertion or by conducting profit driven business or from investment (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). Income received from the personal exertion, which involves income from employment, professional work and would cause ordinary income. If income is received from the business scheme, which contains the profit deriving intention on the part of the taxpayer for routine activities, then in such aspects the income received from commercial action would be termed as ordinary income from business scheme under the TR 97/11. Income derived through investment on behalf of the taxpayer, which basically includes rents from property, interest from bank, surplus amount on the purchased securities and dividends on shares and so on would result ordinary income through investment. All the above mentioned proceeds are from ordinary concepts. It is imperative to distinguish the source of income derived from ordinary concepts for the ease of calculation of the taxable amount that whether the proceeds from the business, investment or via personal exertion (Barkoczy, 2015). Case facts Peta acquired a house located in Kew two years ago. The house contained two old tennis courts down the back of the house, which were in poor state. She owned the house so that she and her family could reside in the house and the shabby tennis courts could be used for construction of new units which could be used to earn profit in the future. However, the local tennis club made an offer to Peta with the term that if Peta restored the tennis court and turns it into good condition then only they will purchase the tennis courts. Peta accepted the offer of the tennis club and decided to renovate the courts. In the process of renovation of the tennis court, she spent $100,000. She also did resurfacing of the courts and fencing around them. Finally, the tennis court were sold to the tennis club and proceeds of $600,000 were realized by Peta. It can be stated that on the basis of the case facts that Peta did not possess any business of property development and sale. Therefore, the action on the part of Peta to sell the tennis courts would not considered under the business scheme of ordinary concepts and thus, the income of $600,000 would not be entitled as ordinary income under section 6(5) of ITAA, 1997.The income can only be categorized as ordinary if Peta had a business of restoring tennis courts and subsequently sell them at high profits, which is not the scenario in the present case. Although, the income is entitled to be treated as assessable income since the transaction for the tennis court is isolated in nature and with the intention of earning profit. She knew from the offer of the tennis club that the value of the tennis court would be enhanced if she restored it and made fence around the court. Therefore, the expense of $100,000 was incurred with the focus of deriving high profit and thus, the isolated transact ion amount of $600,000 would be classified as assessable income under the section 15(15) of ITAA, 1997. Conclusion Therefore, on the basis of the relevant case law and facts, it can be concluded that the income received through the sale of the tennis court is not entitled as ordinary income as per section 6(5) of ITAA, 1997. Besides, it would be considered as assemble income under section 15(15) due to the presence of profit intention of Peta and the nature of transaction being isolated. 2. The objective in this case study is to comment on the FBT liability on employer for the extended fringe benefits to Alan. Electronic devices: It is stated in the accordance of the section 58X of Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986, that if the electronic devices are extended to employee by the employer for professional work only, than in such cases there would be no FBT liability is payable on the part of the employer and the benefits is not considered under the fringe benefits (Wilmot, 2014). Additionally, the provision of minor benefits exemption clause states that the worth of the benefit is inferior than $300 then also there would be no FBT is payable for employer (Gilders et. al., 2015). School fees: if the employer gave the school fees of the childrens of their employees, which is considered under the category of personal expense and thus, the payment of school fees is considered as expense fringe benefits to the employee and FBT liability would arise for the employer (Section 20, Division 5A) (Sadiq et. al., 2016). Taxable amount on the account of school fees (expense fringe benefits) = Fees amount (Employer paid) Gross up value FBT payable on the part of employer = 0.49 Taxable amount on the account of school fees (expense fringe benefits) Dinner: if the employer planned dinner for their employee (with their associates) in location rather than office, then, it would lead the fringe benefits tax liability on employer for the expense incurred in meal fringe benefits (Section 37AC, Division 9A) (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). There would be no tax deduction on the part of the employer, if clients are the invitees for the dinner. Since, no tax deduction is applicable in this case and thus, the employer selects such method, which provides lowest FBT payable amount resulting through the meal fringe benefits (Barkoczy, 2015). Actual method and 50-50 split method are the two methods to evaluate the FBT payable amount on the part of employer for the meal fringe benefits. Actual method is generally applied by the employer, when the employees and their respective associates are invited for dinner. In actual method total meal expense is considered for the evaluation of the FBT payable amount. However, the employer does not have an issue as tax deduction can be claimed by the employer on the meal expenses for employees and their associates (Woellner, 2014). FBT payable on the part of employer (by actual method) = 0.49 dinner expense Gross up factor 50-50 split method is used by the employer, when the invitees are clients as no tax rebate can be claimed by the employer for the meal expense on clients. This method considers only 50% of the total meal expense for the evaluation of the FBT payable amount for employer (Section 37BA, Division 9B) (Barkoczy, 2015). FBT payable on the part of employer (by 50-50 split method) = 0.49 0.50 dinner meal expense Gross up factor Various fringe benefits and FBT liability Electronic devices - The employer ABC Ltd issued a mobile handset to Alan, but there would not be fringe benefits because the utilization of the mobile phone is restricted for the professional use only (Section 8X). Also, the payment of the bill of the mobile set would be caused from professional work and eventually, no FBT liability on employer for paying mobile bill of Alan. School fees: School fees of employers children is paid by the employer and thus causes expense fringe benefits along with FBT payable on employer. School fees borne by the employer (ABC) $20,000 Gross up factor (school fees is type 2 goods and exempted from GST) 1.9608 Taxable amount on the account of school fees (expense fringe benefits) = Fees amount paid by employer Gross up value =20000 1.9608 $39,216 FBT payable on the part of employer (expense fringe benefits) = 0.49 Taxable amount on the account of school fees = 0.49 39216 $19,215.84 Dinner: Employer of ABC Company has planned dinner at Thai restaurant and thus, significant FBT payable on the part of the employer. Case 1 invitees are employees and their associates Number of employees (along with the associates ) 20 Total dinner expense $6,600 As per the information provided in this case, employees were invited along with their associates and thus, the cost incurred in dinner meal expense would be half of the actual expense for employees only. Expense incurred only for employees = = $3,300 Expense incurred per employees = = $ 165 From the above calculations, it has been observed that per employee expense is $165 only, which is less than the amount of $300 and thus, there would be no FBT payable on behalf of the employer due to minor benefit exempt clause. Case 2 invitees are 5 employees only Number of employees 5 Total dinner meal expense $6,600 Expense incurred only for employees = = $3,300 Expense incurred per person = = $660 From the above calculations, it is observed that per employees expense is $660, which is more than the amount of $300 and thus, there would be FBT payable on behalf of the employer. Dinner is considered as type 1 service due to application of GST on the same. Gross up factor 2.1463 Applied method - Actual method FBT payable on the part of employer (meal fringe benefits) = 0.49 dinner meal expense Gross up factor = 0.49 6600 2.1463 $6,941.13 Case 3 - invitees are clients As discussed above, the employer would use the 50-50 Split method in order to calculate the FBT payable amount when clients are also part of the invitees. Total dinner meal expense $6,600 Gross up factor 2.1463 Applied method - 50-50 split method FBT payable on the part of employer = 0.49 0.50 dinner meal expense Gross up factor =0.49 0.50 6600 2.1463 $3,470.6 The employer can claim the GST credit refund in order to limit the FBT liabilities ((Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). Conclusion Therefore, on the ground of the above discussion, it can be stated that Benefits Fringe benefits FBT payable for employer Mobile handset No No FBT liability Mobile bill $200 No No FBT liability School fees Yes $19,215.84 Dinner Case 1 20 employees along with associates Yes (Minor fringe benefits) No FBT liability Dinner Case 2 5 employees Yes $ 6,941.13 Dinner Case 3 Clients Yes $ 3,470.6 References Barkoczy,S 2015.Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,7th edn, CCH Publications, North Ryde Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2015, Australian tax handbook, 8th edn, Thomson Reuters, Pymont Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2015. Understanding taxation law 2015, 8th edn, LexisNexis/Butterworths. Hodgson, H, Mortimer, C Butler, J 2016, Tax Questions and Answers 2016, 5th ed., Thomson Reuters, Sydney, Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos, K 2016, Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Sydney Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2016,Principles of Taxation Law 2016,8th edn, Thomson Reuters, Pymont Wilmot, C 2014, FBT Compliance guide, 8th edn, CCH Australia Limited, North Ryde Woellner, R 2014, Australian taxation law 2014, 8th eds., CCH Australia, North Ryde

Bad Luck and the 4th Dimension essays

Bad Luck and the 4th Dimension essays Have you ever wondered why certain people seem to be born with bad luck? Some people appear to be touched by the hand of Midas, and yet others always step out on the left side of bed. What if there were actual scientific explanations for these phenomenons. During a physics lesson in my junior year we were discussing Einstein's theory of relativity and how it applied to the "space-time" continuum, or fourth dimension. Leaping off tangent from that topic we discussed the "what-if" of not only multiple, parallel universes, but intersections of those dimensions. This line of thought eventually brought me to a conclusion that bad luck is actually caused by fluctuations in the space-time continuum. To understand this theory, you first have to have a general understanding of the theory of relativity and also my own understanding of the 4th dimension. Basically this theory attempts to analyze the interdependence of both time and space. It explains how, to an observer, the effect of a gravitational field is parallel to the effects of an accelerated coordinate system, like a spaceship. There are seven main postulates in the theory but those I am primarily concerned with are that time is relative, space and time are interdependent, and gravity is a result of curved space and time. This means that the more massive an object is, the more gravity it has. A personal pet theory of mine is that each human has their own continuum, and they are created of infinite continuums of tissue, molecules, atoms... or mini- continuums. The universe is a continuum, but the earth could be classified as one as well. Each mini-continuum is enclosed in a larger one, and the energy of the larger continuums contributes to the overall stability of the universal continuum. Since mass effects gravity, and gravity is controlled by space and time, the smaller an object is, the less effect it has on the larger continuums. A single iron atom's continuum does ...

The Social Theory of Decentering

The Social Theory of Decentering Decentering is a way of understanding the world in its social and psychological aspects that holds that there is no single way to read an event, or institution, or text. Gathering varied experiences from many individuals produces greater fidelity, such that an explanation of an event based on a decentered approach will acknowledge many different interpretations from many different individuals. In Relation to Technology The explosion in social media in the second decade of the 21st Century has been a boom to the theory of decentering. For example, the events of the so-called Arab Spring following the popular revolution in Egypt in 2011 played out vividly on Twitter, Facebook, and other social networking sites. The multiplicity of voices and viewpoints created a wide field of data for understanding not just the facts of the events, but their underlying meaning to a cross-section of Middle Eastern people. Other examples of decentering could be seen in popular movements in Europe and the Americas. Groups like 15-M in Spain, Occupy Wall Street in the United States, and Yo soy 132 in Mexico organized similarly to the Arab Spring on social media. Activists in these groups called for greater transparency of their governments and teamed up with movements in different countries to address common problems all over the world, including the environment, health, immigration, and other important issues. In Relation to Crowdsourcing Crowdsourcing, the process coined in 2005, is another aspect of decentering as it relates to production. Instead of outsourcing work to a determined group of laborers, crowdsourcing relies on the talents and perspectives of an undefined group of contributors who often donate their time or expertise. Crowdsourced journalism, with its multiplicity of viewpoints, has advantages over traditional writing and reporting because of its decentered approach. Decentering Power One effect of social decentering is the opportunity it presents to expose aspects of power dynamics that remained previously hidden. The exposure of thousands of classified documents on WikiLeaks in 2010 had the effect of decentering official government positions on various events and personages, as the secret diplomatic cables about them were made available for all to analyze.

Sex Education in primary schools Research Proposal

Sex Education in primary schools - Research Proposal Example Many think that giving them sex education in school will help them understand the dangers of sex before they are ready and help them abstain from sex. Children are not capable of understanding sex at such an early age and therefore it gives them a license to have sex if they are not already doing so. The truth is that when children have free sex information available to them and they receive condoms and other contraception methods they will want to experiment and have sex early. This is not a good thing. There are three main reasons for this: 1) Without being taught about ethics and responsibility, kids will see this education as a green light to do whatever they want; 2) It should be more the responsibility of parents to discuss this with their kids rather than teachers who may or may not know the students very well; 3) Sexual education is not one-size-fits all—people should be taught according to their maturity. Where do children get their information about sex? In todays world they are getting it from their teachers in most elementary, secondary and high schools. With the Internet and other methods of information that children have access to they are able to find just about anything they want easily. The question then is why should they have access to sex education? They are very young and the more information they receive the more they will want to try sex early. There education should be commensurate with their ability to take responsibility for their actions. In this case, there is a big gap between the two. There are several sides to this debate. Much of it comes from parents. Many parents think that all children should be taught abstinence which means that children are told to abstain from sex before marriage. Kim and Rector report that according to a 2005 study those children who took a vow to abstain from sex when they were adolescents are the least likely to engage in sexual intercourse as teenagers (74). This is a very

The importance and impact of Training and Development of employees Essay

The importance and impact of Training and Development of employees - Essay Example Training and development do not come cheap, but in a competitive commercial environment a failure to realize the human potential within an organization can be very costly (HR Magazine). Training and development are not only the responsibility of the organization, but also of the individual employees. Given that training and development require an investment by both the individual and the organization, an investment that can be measured in both financial and time terms, it is important that both partners receive value for money. It is also important to note that training and development do not occur in an organizational vacuum – they should be linked to the overall goals and strategies of the organization and to the life goals and strategies of the individual (Aguinis and Kraiger 452).In this paper, I will endeavor to define what organizations, specifically the Human Resource Department, mean by training and development, and how these processes impact the organizations’ performance and success. Towards the end of this research stories of three recognized international companies that have shown success and growth through recognizing the importance of investing in training and development will be discussed.In order to understand how training and development benefit an organization’s performance and success, concepts relating to training and development need to be discussed first. ... Defining Training and Development: In order to understand how training and development benefit an organization’s performance and success, concepts relating to training and development need to be discussed first. These concepts that will be covered in this section of the paper are: learning, training, development, education, coaching, and mentoring. Learning Learning is the process by which behavior and attitudes are changed. One of the major debates in child development and education has been on the question of how much behavior is innate and how much is learnt – the ‘‘nature or nurture’’ debate. A psychological definition of learning is â€Å"any change in the general activity of an organism the effects of which persist and recur over a period of time and which are strengthened by repetition and practice† (Thomson 215). Although this is quite an old definition, it covers the major points about learning very comprehensively – the fact that learning persists and recurs and that it is strengthened by repetition and practice. Indeed, if the new behavior does not persist then it is generally accepted that learning has not occurred. Training Training is very specific and is concerned with the mastering of a particular task or set of tasks. At its most basic, training does not require understanding of the whys and wherefores. It is fairly easy to train a pigeon to select a particular shape from a collection of shapes or a Seeing Eye dog to guide a human being around obstacles or to sniff out drugs and explosives. The training process with animals involves rewards and punishments – a food treat as reward and a harsh word

Globalization and Production Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Globalization and Production Chain - Essay Example Globalization refers to the increasing universal connectivity and economic integration of cross-border activities in the corporate sector through removals of barriers of free trade and capital mobility. It has major impacts on the world in the financial, communal, cultural, political, environmental and technological areas. Globalization is a comprehensive term and it has a number of key concepts and theories concealed within it. The idea can perchance be better portrayed as an idle process built upon a number of sub-processes such as virtual corporations across physical borders, progress in information technology, elimination of cultural and physical barriers etc. that are increasingly shrinking the humanity into a global system constituting of a universal society. The best example of globalization is the internet revolution. Despite the level of importance acquired by the subject a standard definition is yet to evolve and a number of varied opinions dominated by the perceived merits of the concept are used to describe the all important the driving engine of the 21st Century. Globalization has been defined been defined with respect to various aspects of life some view it as the homogenization of cultures, norms, values and attitudes across transnational borders. While others consider it as the standardization of procedures, experiences and knowledge which may not only be limited to the corporate sector but even to other areas that impact an individual's life in current globally influenced society. On the other hand from an economics point of view globalization is considered to be the meeting of prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profits towards the developed country's standards. Notwithstanding the varying opinions the following attributes have been universally accepted to be associated with the impacts of globalization and whatever leads to any of the following results would be an aspect of the Globalization. People around the world are integrated and connected to each other while the physical distances have shrunken. This trend has been evident in the aftermath of the evolution of information technology. A convenient flow of information and capital throughout the globe. Goods and services manufactured in one country being easily accessible by the people living in other countries. The role of Multinational Corporations (MNC's) has been evident in this case. Communication and journey across the borders becomes a routine activity. All the above states characteristics can be easily identified in the current environment we live in. To maintain a Mercedes, wear a French perfume, to talk to friend in Australia, to be able transfer money from New York to London in a split second or to be roaming on the streets of Delhi within a couple of days are realities that have traveled through the dark roads of idealism and have blessed us by the virtue of globalization. A question then arises is globalization a feature of the 20th Century or its existence can be traced back further. The answer to this is that globalization has been a phenomenon that is as old as the human existence. Man has always tried to break down the shackles of physical frontiers and explore new horizons. From the time when human being first involved into barter trade till the undertaking of organizational activities through

Leadership Competencies Required to Become a Global Leader

Leadership Competencies Required to Become a Global Leader THOMAS K. TARUS Introduction Globalization can simply be described as the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics and culture. Friedman et al, (2011) refers to globalization as the integrated and interdependent nature of the worlds economy, culture, political agendas, and educational systems. As our world becomes one village and globalization increases, businesses are changing strategies and operational procedures which are dependent on leaders to deploy and implement. Global leadership has been defined as being capable of operating effectively in a global environment while being respectful of cultural diversity (Harris, Moran, Moran, 2004, p.25). Global leaders are individuals who effect significant positive change in organizations by building communities through the development of trust and arrangement of organizational structures and processes in the context involving multiple cross-boundary stakeholders, multiple sources of external cross-boundary authority, and multiple cultures under conditions of temporal, geographical and culture complexity (Mendenhall 2008:17). Leadership competencies are leadership skills and behaviors that contribute to superior performance. There has been a considerable effort to identify the global leadership competencies that can be learned as well as the most effective learning and development methods for learning them (Tubbs Schulz, 2006). For the purpose of this study, I have aligned 5 research papers to come up with the global leadership competencies listed below. Global Leadership Competencies Birds (2013) framework of nested global leadership competencies has three broad categories with fifteen different competencies that is five in each category. The three categories are (a) competencies of business and organizational acumen, (b) competencies of managing people and relationships, and (c) competence of managing self. Business and organizational acumen Vision and strategic thinking this competency is characterized by first the ability to understand and act in complex and strategic settings, characterized by dimensions such as intellectual intelligence, short and long term thinking, and seeing the interdependent aspects of strategic thinking. Secondly, is the development and articulation of a global vision for an organization and finally is the development and implementation of strategic plans. Business savvy this competency encompasses two types of knowledge and an attitude and is characterized primarily as knowledge based competency. The two types of knowledge are general business savvy and technical oriented knowledge. Bird (2013) describes the attitude as a value added orientation incorporating entrepreneurialism and creativity. Managing communities this competency is centered on the global leaders ability to succeed within the vast network of relationships required in todays global workforce. The three dimensions of this competency include skills to span boundaries, influence stakeholders and accomplish strategic objectives. Organizational savvy this competency consists of the ability to design organizational structures and processes in ways that facilitate global effectiveness and ability to perform effectively within an organization. Leading change this competency results from the instrumental application of all previous competencies in business and organizational acumen. Bird (2013 p. 90) sums it up as the primary thrust of global leadership is to bring about change. Managing people and relationships Valuing people this competency encompasses showing respect for people and their differences, understanding the emotions and motivations of others on a deeper level and creating and maintaining trusting relationships. Interpersonal skills this includes emotional intelligence, sensitivity, engagement and self-awareness. It also involves relationship management skills that include behaviors such as influencing, listening and using relationships for result oriented purposes. Cross-cultural communication this competency is divided into general cultural awareness where both ones own culture as well as the culture of those with whom the global leader works and specific cognitive and behavioral skills in an intercultural context. Empowering others this competency addresses talents such as motivating direct reports, colleagues and superiors by increasing self-efficacy within the relationships. It also incorporates skills related to coaching, instructing, personal and professional development, and delegation of authority. Teaming skills this competency refers to working effectively in multicultural and global teams, as well as being able to both lead and take subordinate roles in global teams. Managing self Resilience this competency refers to ability to cope with the highly stressful challenges of leading across multiple time zones, large distances, myriad cultures, and widely varying national systems. It is characterized by dimensions of optimism, hardiness, and stress reduction, attitudinal facets such as resourcefulness and self-confidence and behavioral skills such as healthy lifestyle choices and work life balance. Character this competency can be narrowed down to integrity, maturity and conscientiousness. Inquisitiveness Bird ((2013) argues that this is the most essential personal quality of global leaders and it refers to an innate curiosity, an openness to learn and humility. It means not letting pride or self-consciousness interfere with the learning process (allowing oneself to be taught by others). Global mindset this refers to the complex melding of new perspectives, attitudes and knowledge within a global context. This is broken down by Bird (2013) into two facets; (a) cognitive complexity, specifically a highly contextualized, multifaceted, multilayered approach to the environment and cosmopolitanism, or interest in knowledge of the greater world. Flexibility this involves willingness to adapt and adjust to varied situations. Bird (2013) describes it as both a cognitive and behavioral component. The cognitive component is intellectual flexibility marked by tolerance for ambiguity, while the behavioral component is behavioral flexibility, indicating a willingness to adapt behaviors to fit the demand of the situation. Conclusion While leadership competencies are the same for domestic and global leaders, certain competencies are more critical for global leaders and the proficiency level typically increases. Also global leaders require a unique set of competencies which is important to lead in diverse environments. References Bird, A. (2013). Mapping the content domain of global leadership competencies. In M. E. Mendenhall, J. S. Osland, A. Bird, G. R. Oddou, M. Maznevski, M. J. Stevens, G. K. Stahl (Eds.), Global leadership: Research, practice and development (2nd ed.; pp. 80-96). New York, NY: Routledge. Friedman, T. L., Mandelbaum, M. (2011). That used to be us: How America fell behind in the world it invented and how we can come back. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Harris, P. R., Moran, R. T., Moran, S. V. (2004). Managing cultural differences global leadership strategies for the 21st century (6th ed.). Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann/Elsevier. Mendenhall. M. Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Osland. J. Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Bird, A.. Oddou, G. R., Maznevski, M. L (2008). Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. London and New York: Routledge. Tubbs, S.L., Schulz, E. (2006). Exploring a taxonomy of global leadership competencies and meta-competencies [electronic version]. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 8, 29.

Timothy Leary as a Hero Essay -- essays research papers fc

The term â€Å"hero† brings to mind many ideas, many events, and many people. However, one face it generally fails to conjure is that of Timothy Leary. Dr. Leary managed to create a level of infamy few Americans have achieved since this country’s inception; he is the poster-child of the mind-altering hallucinogen LSD and has been labeled by many as the subversive leader of the counter-culture movement of the sixties. Not many people appreciate this great man’s long string of accomplishments, his devotion to scientific progress, or his cheery, irrepressible personality. It is a small circle of people indeed who would label this man a hero, but the truth is that Dr. Leary embodied the principles of courage, discovery, and benevolence, which none can deny are heroic trademarks. No man has shown more courage in the face of adversity than Timothy Leary. One great example of his valor comes from his early years as a cadet at West Point during the 1940’s. After indulging in a quantity of alcohol with some upperclassmen after a football game one evening, Leary found himself before the Cadet Honor Committee of West Point awaiting punishment. The committee decreed that he must avoid social contact of any kind, despite the fact that during his court-martial the charges brought upon him were hastily dropped. For nine months he survived this involuntary solitude, until finally the school asked him to resign because of â€Å"moral problems† that his punishment was causing. Leary agreed on the condition that his innocence would be announced in the mess hall. Two days later, he left West Point. Long afterward, after earning a doctorate in psychology and serving several professorships at prestigious institutions as Berkley and Harvard, Dr. Timothy Leary dev eloped an interest in what he would later become famous for: psychedelics. Originally his studies were sponsored by Harvard, but after drug abuse became a major target of the mass media and politicians, a national frenzy took place and LSD became a Schedule One controlled substance. Leary, intrigued by the success of previous experimentation with the chemical and undeterred by lack of mainstream support, continued his studies privately. This eventually led to conflict between him and the DEA, the Narcotics Bureau, and the CIA. As Nixon fueled propaganda against â€Å"acid† and the counter-culture movement, Timothy Leary championed LSD ... ...n to certain concepts has never wavered. I have relentlessly and faithfully pursued self-exploration, evolution, and innovation as the antidotes to terminal adulthood." No document has recorded an instance of Timothy Leary running into a burning building to save a baby. He never fought a war for his country, discovered a cure for cancer, or negotiated a treaty between two countries. But he was a hero his own right. Dr. Leary led a resistance to the tyrrany of Richard Nixon, Spiro Agnew, G. Gordon Liddy, and J. Edgar Hoover during a time when America was torn with inner conflict. His career was devoted to helping people mentally, whether they were psychiatrically ill or just in need of psychedelic inspiration. And he stood as a beacon representative of hope, freedom, and peace. Timothy Leary may not fit the conventional definition of â€Å"hero† as found in Webster’s, but to many of his and future eras, he was everything for which that four-letter word stands. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Jones, Bonsey. The Biography Project: Timothy Leary. The Biography Project. 8 Sept. 04 . Leary, Timothy; Quick Biography. Leary.com. 8 Sept. 04 . Timothy Leary Biography. American Buddha.com. 8 Sept. 04 .

On Henrik Ibsen’s Nora in a “Doll’s House” Essay

Henrik Ibsen displays the effect of society’s standard on an ideal family through the interesting characters in his play. Its story lingers on the loveless marriage of Nora and Torvald, and the lives of the supporting characters of the play as they portray society’s take on sexual prejudice and the role it plays on the family unit. Moreover, the story brings out a message that people are not always what they seem on the outside and on first encounters. In the Laws of Morality as presented by Ibsen, individuals had different dilemmas such that a character was developed and recognized in accordance to how he/she deals with it. An individual’s character is not inherited and thus, developed by personal endeavors or one’s own exertion. In today’s community, morality is typically focused on institutions rather than individuals; however the two are inextricably linked. Respect for an individual’s freedom and identity is necessary to sustain mental saneness which is more likely to protect individual freedoms. One such significant character in the play is the protagonist, Nora. Initially, she is introduced in the play as a somewhat childish and submissive wife of the Helmer household. Nora’s husband who constantly refers to her as his â€Å"little squirrel† (Ibsen) or â€Å"skylark† (Ibsen) is constantly implying and enforcing his views of a proper wife on her. This in turn makes the audience think that Nora is a highly dependent wife who relies on her husband’s approval. As the play progresses, Nora displays a rather courageous feat that she has hidden from her family. She had in the past associated with Krogstad on committing fraud to find finances needed in the rehabilitation of her husband’s poor health. To pay for the debts, she works secretly to ensure this. Nora is thrown into a traumatic chaos when Krogstad threatens to reveal their crime in exchange for a favor. She is further set off balance when her husband’s reaction turns out to be the complete opposite of what she hoped for. This circumstance makes her realize the disillusions she had of her marriage and that she has yet to find her true self as an independent being. Having lived an overly protected life under the care of her father and then her husband, she comes to understand that she is living not the life that she wants but of what they have imposed on her. The play ends with Nora leaving her family to embark on a mission to rediscover what she has truly wanted for herself all along. Psychological Effect Due to Unacceptance Nora is first seen as a person who is happy and contented to be the loyal wife and doting mother. While trying to meet the demands of what the society and her husband refers to a proper wife, she deliberately tries to rebel in small ways by lying to her husband about small matters such as eating sweets. Lying on such small things is seen to be psychologically disturbing for Nora, since all things she does seemed to be disapproved by her husband. She later realizes that she was never fully happy and contented living the life that others have arranged for her. Her personal foundation is being individually attached to the community having different cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences compared to hers such that, most of her decisions, likes and dislikes were greatly affected and influenced by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around her. During the span of her marriage life, she wasn’t allowed and therefore feared to practice her true individual character. Though freedom is something an individual enjoys and is the absence of oppression, it should be practiced that where there is freedom, there is responsibility. This put her in a state of initially accepting her state of living, thus, accomplishing what the community around her believes as a rightful wife to Torvald. However, she discovers that she has been living a lie, hiding the other side of her true personality to the people who were supposed to be her family. Her husband, who she trusted to respond in her honor broke her trust and was more worried on how other people would see the family if they were to know of the crime that she has committed. Freedom is described as rights to personal security, personal expression, and political participation and it is in this respect, that Nora’s freedom of expression of was limited. The Doll in Distress Finding out that she has lost an important part of herself in an empty marriage is a distressing trauma that a lot of people like her deal with. She feels like she has lived an almost empty life as Torvald’s doll and that all her efforts for her husband to appreciate and understand her have proved to be useless. She had lived a life of a doll, where she does what she was told inside the doll house. The shelter that she once considered her home is such a doll house where there are to emotions living and even lingering inside her doll family. Given the traumatic experiences that she has experienced, there is a possibility that she will encounter depression. Moreover, these bouts of depression can lead to possible mental disorders like Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. We have take note that when she decided to leave her husband, she surmised that their children were better off with their father and not with her. This already tells us that she has also lost her confidence as a good mother to her children. Due to her depressing state, she had taken of towards her freedom, leaving of the great responsibility of being a mother behind her. Such confidence of being a good mother was destroyed due to her situation, carrying her battered morale and vanishing self esteem with her. Leaving the Doll House As Nora breaks out and breaks free from the emotionless house, there is sense of strong will to be, putting a great effort of almost forgetting the family and life she had been attached to for years. In Ibsen’s plot, she placed Nora of having acquired a sense of free willingness by letting go a huge part of her life. In the last part of the play, Nora developed the free willingness to make a big step towards recognizing an emotion that is happening to her and being aware of its effect around her. Tuning in and being aware to her every emotion or feelings makes her manage them enabling her to be confident in her worth and capabilities. Being aware of her self makes her confidently use her abilities. Being aware of ones self and emotions makes her a free willed person. Henrick Ibsen finally ended the play with a display of triumph on Nora’s side, being able to show her true individuality despite of Torvald’s disapproval and concern of the reaction of the community around them, which is in great contrast of the true story where the husband had demanded for a divorce and Nora, who was mentally and emotionally agitated, had a nervous breakdown and confined in a mental institution. Conclusion For sheltered people like Nora, breaking out of their safe zone and embarking on a new environment is a terrifying endeavor. They are more vulnerable to fallbacks because being independent is something that they will have to learn for themselves for the first time on their own. Coping up with stress is harder when a person is unaided. Although she has displayed a great deal of courage by clearly defying the wishes of her husband and leaving altogether the household it is therefore inevitable an emotional pit. It is therefore important that although she has decided to leave the household to be independent, she should be in a place where close acquaintances are available for her emotional support system. In these day and age, support systems in the mental health department are already accessible. Compared to the olden days, it is no longer a taboo issue when one seeks a psychiatrist’s help to clear one’s mindset and consult professionals on how to healthily cope up with stress. People who had experiences like Nora then should not hesitate to consult these services if ever they feel that they need it. More importantly, it is essential that they surround themselves with people who know their plight and not isolate themselves. Individuals are important members of a community for a single community is a composition of different individuals. Being individuals of one community, we are now evolving in a community with different likes, dislikes, culture and tradition. The Helmer’s personal foundation is being individually attached to the community of the same cultures, beliefs and fashion preferences, thus, most of their decisions, likes and dislikes, their way of living were affected by the opinions and preferences of the community evolving around them. So even if an individual is a part of a community, there is a big difference between an individual and a member of a community. In a lonely Doll World, it is therefore important by having an awareness of using our abilities to bring optimum results by understanding others as an individual and try out for better ways rather than stereotyping. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius. 29 March 2005. The Project Gutenberg. 14 April 2007

Diesel Fuel Injection Research Paper Example

Diesel Fuel Injection Research Paper Example Diesel Fuel Injection Paper Diesel Fuel Injection Paper One big difference between a diesel engine and a gas engine is in the injection process. Most car engines use port injection or a carburetor. A port injection system injects fuel just prior to the intake stroke (outside the cylinder). A carburetor mixes air and fuel long before the air enters the cylinder. In a car engine, therefore, all of the fuel is loaded into the cylinder during the intake stroke and then compressed. The compression of the fuel/air mixture limits the compression ratio of the engine if it compresses the air too much, the fuel/air mixture spontaneously ignites and causes knocking. Because it causes excessive heat, knocking can damage the engine. Diesel engines use direct fuel injection the diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. The injector on a diesel engine is its most complex component and has been the subject of a great deal of experimentation in any particular engine, it may be located in a variety of places. The injector has to be able to withstand the temperature and pressure inside the cylinder and still deliver the fuel in a fine mist. Getting the mist circulated in the cylinder so that it is evenly distributed is also a problem, so some diesel engines employ special induction valves, pre-combustion chambers or other devices to swirl the air in the combustion chamber or otherwise improve the ignition and combustion process. |[pic] | |Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler | |Atego six-cylinder diesel engine | Some diesel engines contain a glow plug. When a diesel engine is cold, the compression process may not raise the air to a high enough temperature to ignite the fuel. The glow plug is an electrically heated wire (think of the hot wires you see in a toaster) that heats the combustion chambers and raises the air temperature when the engine is cold so that the engine can start. According to Cley Brotherton, a Journeyman heavy equipment technician: All functions in a modern engine are controlled by the ECM communicating with an elaborate set of sensors measuring everything from R. P. M. o engine coolant and oil temperatures and even engine position (i. e. T. D. C. ). Glow plugs are rarely used today on larger engines. The ECM senses ambient air temperature and retards the timing of the engine in cold weather so the injector sprays the fuel at a later time. The air in the cylinder is compressed more, creating more heat, which aids in starting. Smaller engines and engines that do not have s uch advanced computer control use glow plugs to solve the cold-starting problem. Of course, mechanics arent the only difference between diesel engines and gasoline engines. Theres also the issue of the fuel itself. Diesel Engines vs. Gasoline Engines In theory, diesel engines and gasoline engines are quite similar. They are both internal combustion engines designed to convert the chemical energy available in fuel into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are connected to a crankshaft, and the up-and-down motion of the pistons, known as linear motion, creates the rotary motion needed to turn the wheels of a car forward. Both diesel engines and gasoline engines covert fuel into energy through a series of small explosions or combustions. The major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these explosions happen. In a gasoline engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and ignited by sparks from spark plugs. In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and then the fuel is injected. Because air heats up when its compressed, the fuel ignites. The following animation shows the diesel cycle in action. You can compare it to the animation of the gasoline engine to see the differences: The diesel engine uses a four-stroke combustion cycle just like a gasoline engine. The four strokes are: Intake stroke The intake valve opens up, letting in air and moving the piston down. Compression stroke The piston moves back up and compresses the air. Combustion stroke As the piston reaches the top, fuel is injected at just the right moment and ignited, forcing the piston back down. Exhaust stroke The piston moves back to the top, pushing out the exhaust created from the combustion out of the exhaust valve. Remember that the diesel engine has no spark plug, that it intakes air and compresses it, and that it then njects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber (direct injection). It is the heat of the compressed air that lights the fuel in a diesel engine. In the next section, well examine the diesel injection process. |Compression | |When working on his calculations, Rudolf Diesel theorized that higher compression leads | |to higher efficiency and more power. This happens because when the piston squeezes air | |with the cylinder, the air becomes conce ntrated. Diesel fuel has a high energy content, | |so the likelihood of diesel reacting with the concentrated air is greater. Another way | |to think of it is when air molecules are packed so close together, fuel has a better | |chance of reacting with as many oxygen molecules as possible. Rudolf turned out to be | |right a gasoline engine compresses at a ratio of 8:1 to 12:1, while a diesel engine | |compresses at a ratio of 14:1 to as high as 25:1. | http://auto. howstuffworks. com/diesel2. htm

Business Ethics

Business Ethics Robert Nardelli used an authoritative leadership style throughout his tenure at Home Depot. His style of leadership was also described by others as an imperial one. In spite of his authoritative nature, Home Depot regained its stable financial position after a period of five yearsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business Ethics Home Depot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More . This implied that his leadership style was excellent even if he was not a favorite personality to everybody. For instance, a significant growth in sales was realized within a relatively short period. The sales rose to 81 million dollars from 6 million dollars within a span of five years. Nonetheless, employees were alienated by his leadership style. Most of the managers also complained that he was focusing too much on the profitability of the company at the expense of the moral wellbeing of employees of the organization. Customers were al so alienated by is style of leadership (Grow et al., 2007). He also preferred curt communication while interacting with employees. For example, it can be recalled that a major shareholders’ meeting held in 2006 was punctuated with dilemma when Nardelli commanded that the meeting would be held for about thirty minutes. Shareholders in the meeting were also supposed to be restricted to only a single question. In addition, a speaker’s microphone would be switched off exactly after one minute elapses. This implied that they were allowed to speak for one minute only during the meeting. To a large extent, consensus building was never a concern for Robert Nardelli. Worse still, he lacked the ability to communicate effectively when disseminating important information. He facilitated the institution of part time employees who took the position of full time workers. This move resulted into a lower employee overhead and an improved gross margin. The Home Depot brand was also chan ged dramatically by Nardelli. One of the reasons for taking this action was that employees lacked adequate motivation in the course of delivering their duties. He also argued that customers found it difficult to located items even though the process was supposed to be swift (Charan, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the leadership trait theory, the success of leaders at workplace is largely dependent on certain inborn traits that may hardly be acquired through formal training. The theory affirms that true leaders are born. In the case of Robert Nardelli, it can be seen that his commanding nature was inborn and an internal trait. The behavioral theory argues on the opposite line of thought. It states that leaders are not born, rather they are made. The theory continues to affirm that learnable behavior that can be vividly defined is usuall y part and parcel of successful leadership. It is possible that Nardelli applied some of the acquired leadership styles while at the helm of Home Depot. For example, the significant rise in the profitability of the firm was directly occasioned by sufficient training on financial management. Inherent capabilities or inborn traits are not sought by behavioral theory. The actual performance or actions of leaders is the main focus when it comes to behavioral theory. Needless to say, people should be in a position to act in a similar manner if success can be described in terms of individual actions. Perhaps, this appears to be the main weakness of this theory. Nonetheless, situational and contingency leadership theories profess that successful leadership does not depend on any given leadership style. In other words, any leadership format can be used to run an organization (Baack, 2012). Hence, Nardelli’s style of leadership was appropriate according to these theories. It is possib le for a given leadership style to be appropriate in one scenario but inapplicable in another. From the above discussions, it can be concurred that Nardelli’s leadership or management style was unethical to some extent. In spite of the fact that Home Depot needed to regain its profitability, he should have employed a more democratic style especially in situations that demanded consensus. The worst case scenario was witnessed when he authorized microphones to be switched off exactly after one minute. Second, Nardelli failed to create a harmonious working relationship with the rest of the employees. It is not possible to be ethical as a leader while at the same time fail to develop a unified team. Effective leaders are supposed to seek the input of the subordinates before major decisions are made. It is interesting to learn that the performance of an organization may not necessarily be proportional to the management style in place.Advertising We will write a custom rese arch paper sample on Business Ethics Home Depot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make this point clearer, Home Depot grew substantially irrespective of the dissatisfied employees and shareholders who thought that Robert Nardelli was mismanaging the organization (Merrifield, 2003). On a final note, Nardelli’s leadership style was also unethical because he dramatically directed his effort to minimally reward employees. In any case, part time workers have fewer privileges than full time employees. An organization that does not want to hire permanent workers is highly likely to be exalting unethical practices. For instance, part time employees may not enjoy the benefits of joining trade unions or being pensionable. References Baack, D. (2012). Organizational behavior. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Charan, R. (2006). Home Depot’s blueprint for culture change. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 60-70. Grow, B., Foust, D ., Thornton, E., Farzad, R., McGregor, J., Zegal, S. (2007). Out at home depot. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-01-14/out-at-home-depot Merrifield, B. (2003). What distributors can learn from home depots woes. ISHN, 37(5). Business Ethics Moral considerations play a critical in determining the success of the organization in the modern organizational culture. The ethical codes determine the relationships between customers and the company in the sense that any organization willing to follow the established moral codes will increase its market share (Duska, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case provided, Soybean Derivative Research Initiative has to observe moral codes in order to achieve its intended objectives. The organization stands to benefit in four major ways, as listed below if it observes ethics: The company will attract potential investors, as well as keeping shares high. In this regard, the management will have protected the organization from a possible takeover. Many excellent employees will be willing to join the organization since any person feels comfortable when associate d with strong moral conducts. This will perhaps bring down the costs associated with recruitment. The talented workers will be retained, which is an advantage to the organization. The productivity of the organization will be high, as labor turnover will be reduced tremendously. A company with a good business name attracts many customers implying that the sales of the firm will always be high hence increasing profitability. The Financial Executive Issues related to finances are always important to the survival of any organization, including Soy- DRI. In particular, the issue of trust must be taken into consideration since it might bring down the performance of the finance unit. Due to the fact that organizations are constantly in violation of the financial fair play, a number of global bodies have been set up to ensure that ethical codes are observed when handling the financial matters of any firm. When drafting financial policies, the top executive has to be sensitive to the demand s of clients regarding the environment and social issues. These issues must be resolved before moving on to make any financial policy. Based on this, the financial officer is advised to be an active owner by simply integrating the issues into the policies and practices of the organization. As a rule, any financial officer should disclose any unfair solicitation of funds since it would maintain the position of the organization in the ever-competitive market. For this to happen, the officer has to work hand in hand with other organizational units. Organizational investors are expected to carry out their fiduciary duties pertaining to environmental, social, and governance issues. In one of the studies conducted by the Asset Management Working Group of the UNEP Finance Initiative, it was established that stakeholders should stop concentrating on making profits and instead focus on following the law in order to preserve the environment and safeguard lives. The law on social governance is very clear since it states that all organizations have a role to play in safeguarding the lives of citizens. The finance manager should explore some of the ways that will enable the organization to introduce its customers to the correct brand other than using a different brand in serving babies. A different report published in 2009 by EIRIS suggested that many financial executives obey the ethical codes, even though the financial sector is yet to accept this reality.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the organization is faced with a major ethical issue, the finance officer will have to come up with strong financial management codes to protect the reputation of the organization. For this to happen, he or she is expected to observe some principles, including the following: The officer should act honestly meaning that he or she has to be an individual with high integrity. The official has to come up with financial policies to minimize the misuse of company products without necessarily creating any conflict of interest in personal or professional life. The executive has the moral responsibility of offering financial information to various units. The information ought to be realistic, precise, inclusive, objective, pertinent, well timed, and comprehensible. The financial executive should pass any form of information whether negative or positive. Moreover, all sections should be addressed independently to avoid any chance of breakdown in communication. Timely disclosure of information will perhaps help in presenting the accurate picture of the organization regarding the financial position of the organization. This will go a long way in ensuring that the business achieves its financial objectives. The organization is faced with both ethical and legal issues. Apart from resolving the moral issues, the financial expert should advise the com pany on the best way to handle the situation to prevent any form of legal action (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). The financial operation of the organization should abide by some of the established rules put in place by the state, the federal authorities, and the local governments. Some public and private statutory bodies are charged with the role of setting up rules and regulations to be followed by all organizations. Since the company’s product is being misused in the market, the financial officer should report this to the relevant section for action to be taken. The financial executive has to notify the auditors about the misuse of the company product for corrective measures to be taken. The position of the financial manager is very challenging, as it needs a lot of care, competence, and diligence when handling issues. Based on this, the finance officer should restrain himself from making personal judgments and instead follow the professional financial codes. Other units in the organization might not have adequate skills as regards to legal issues associated with misuse of the company product. The role of the financial expert in this case is to share any information that will help avert the situation before it deteriorates. Marketing Officer The role of a marketer is always challenging since he or she is supposed to ensure that the company product is a household name in the competitive market. In this regard, many marketers are never concerned with the way the product is consumed, as their role is to popularize the company product. In the United States, the professional body for marketer established some of the well-established ethical codes that must be followed by all marketers. Soy-DRI faces various challenges related to marketing, which means that the officer in charge has a lot to do to ensure that the problem is resolved. The continued misuse of the product on babies might bring several problems to the organization, some being ethical issues while others might be legal in nature. Therefore, the marketing executive must ensure that the organization comes up with strategies that will facilitate accurate usage of the product that is already in the market. This will be managed through following the guidelines provided in the marketers’ professional code of conduct. The marketer should be sensitive to the needs of customers since he or she is charged with the responsibility of maintaining the company image in the market. The top marketing official should understand that values are often used in evaluating the performance of any organization in the market (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). Based on this, any marketer should understand that, apart from serving the interests of the organization, they are also stewards of society as far as generating, facilitating, and implementing efficient and effective transactions in the economy is concerned. In other words, marketers are responsible to all stakeholders in the organi zation, including clients, fellow employees, investors, distributors, regulatory bodies, and the community in general. When the marketing official meets with other employees of the organization, he or she will have to remind them of the general norms of marketing, which include the following: All marketers have to understand that their skills should not be misused in causing harm to members of the public. They must do everything under their control to ensure that the organization achieves its financial objectives while at the same time safeguarding the interests of the customer. Therefore, the executive in charge of marketing must insist on following the applicable laws and regulations in handling the situation at hand. The second concept that all marketers have to understand is the major role of fostering trust in marketing structure, which implies that all products should be suitable for use. Marketers should not engage in promotional activities that mislead customers on the best products in the market. All officials in the marketing unit ought to desist from actions aiming at deceiving customers or misleading clients. The senior official in the department should recommend the setting up of the department that will be in charge of addressing customer complaints and guiding clients on the usage of company products. A marketer has to act in good faith while at the same time showing some fairness (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). Marketing is one of the functions that must embrace ethical values, which are achieved through communication. Efficient communication improves the confidence of the consumer and boosts the integrity of marketing exchange system. The third principle of marketing is the most important and the marketing official is advised to embrace this general norm. All marketers should be honest implying that they have to be truthful in all situations. The products promoted should be aiming at fulfilling the needs of customers other than affecting their lives. Even though the products are reported to be misused in the market, the marketing department should not criticize any of the products.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Business Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the merchandize is misused in the market, the people responsible for the fault are the marketers. Therefore, the top executive in the department should accept the responsibility of not sensitizing customers on the usage of the product. Consequently, the marketing executive should come up with ways that will enable the proper handling of the vulnerable segment of the market, which include children and the elderly. Director Research and Development The official in charge of research and development should be aware that the company’s success depends on the corporate image since a spoil image will definitely interfere with the performance of the organization in the market. Incor porating stakeholders into the strategic plan of the organization is one of the ways of ensuring ethical governance. Once all stakeholders are incorporated in drafting the organizational strategy, handling issues emerging from the market will be easy (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). Based on this, the director in charge of research is advised to employ participatory planning as one of the ways of involving stakeholders in managing the affairs of the firm. The method suggests that the director of research and development identifies the major concerns and ethical issues emerging from members of the public and moving a notch higher to develop a broad consensus regarding the drafted initiatives. The method allows the utilization of vast information that stakeholders hold in establishing a practicable, proficient, and sustainable solution to the problem at hand. Vice President Sales and Marketing The executive charged with the responsibility of disposing off company products is often u nder pressure to increase the profit margins of the firm, even though other stakeholders are often concerned with this move. In many cases, the sales person might not care whether the product meets the needs of the customer or not. In this case, a wrong product is often sold just to increase sales. Any sales person is advised to be aware of the three masters in case he or she is to executive services diligently. The three masters have various agendas and the sales person comes in as an arbitrator. The organization, which is the employer, has the aim of ensuring that sales increase with an aim of making profits. On the other hand, the customer is concerned with the value of the product (Arnold, Beauchamp, Bowie, 2013). The salesperson has a different objective that is mainly related to income. Irrespective of the agendas of various masters, the salesperson has to ensure that all parties are contented with the sale. The manager in charge of sales should be concerned with the performa nce of the new product, as well as the misuse of the other two products. As he or she seeks to correct the situation, the profit margins and the targets set by the organization should be considered.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In any business establishment, employees play a critical role in ensuring that the organization achieves its ambitions. Irrespective of the size of the organization, an employee is an important asset. The chief executive officer should be aware of the impacts of employee behavior on the performance of the organization (Cory, 2004). Some employees might spend the whole day checking personal mails instead of concentrating on the important matters that affect the performance of the organization. Employees should be taken through an extensive training schedule to ensure that they are well groomed to accomplish organizational goals. Some ethical issues related to employee relations attract legal actions, especially issues related to discrimination based on gender and race. Therefore, any top executive is advised to seek the help of a professional in drafting rules and regulations that would govern the behavior of an employee. When recruiting employees, the company should consi der following all established laws to avoid any legal suits that might come about because of discrimination based on gender and race. The company ought to follow the law when signing contracts with its employees. This is important to prevent the loss of resources in legal tussles. The head of any company has to ensure that selection process adheres to the established standards since t boosts the image of the company in the market. In other words, following labor laws strengthens the corporate governance of the firm. The company has to follow the environmental laws has established by the national and international bodies. Employees should be trained to conserve the environment. References Arnold, D. G., Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E. (2013). Ethical theory and business. Boston: Pearson Education. Cory, J. (2004). Activist Business Ethics. Boston: Springer Duska, R. (2007). Contemporary Reflections on Business Ethics. Boston: Springer.

The views and perceptions of students and mentors regarding mentorship Dissertation

The views and perceptions of students and mentors regarding mentorship role - Dissertation Example The shortage of nursing staff has simultaneously reduced the faculty available for mentoring. However as peer mentoring has been found to be a feasible solution to the many challenges by several researchers there is no other option but to enforce practical solutions. The promotion of the concept of peer mentoring provides an overall answer. The stress on education and the burden on the limited number of faculty could be lessened through increasing the opportunity for peer mentoring. Mentorship or preceptorship has become an essential strategy of nursing education for the preparation of nursing students for the profession (Smedley, 2008). Researchers have made suggestions to overcome hurdles and promote peer mentoring. Nurses could mentor other nurses and students could mentor their juniors apart from the usual concept where lecturers and nurse educators mentored nursing students (Dennison, 2007). The mentors were to be supported by other staff and clinical colleagues. Exceptional aca demic and clinical skills determined whether a nurse or nursing student could be a mentor. The vast literature on the subject of mentorship, which kept changing its features, has opened my eyes to this problem of mentorship in nursing needing speedy resolution. The future of nursing, quality care and client satisfaction depended on the ethical practices for assessment of the clinical abilities or skills of a nursing student (Gopee, 2008). The general trend highlights the vital role of the clinical staff nurses in the mentoring of students into competent leaders of the future and custodians of safe and efficient patient care. However the problem that nurses have not fully grasped the significance of their roles... The paper tells that a significant requirement of nurse education was the presence and support of a preceptor who played a key role in the integration and growth of nursing students towards the profession. The benefits of the learning experiences were mutual for both the preceptor and the student nurse. The hospital, the community and mental health centers were the different settings where the guidance of the preceptor had a role in shaping the student nurse for further experiences in the profession. Her observation and supervision enhanced the abilities of the student and equipped them with problem-solving habits. Socialization was the technique that the preceptor used to help the nurse student to notice the link between theory and practice, a great responsibility. The preceptor meanwhile has her own experience of being a successful preceptor adding a new feather in her cap. The preceptor’s selfless attitude in nursing would be emulated by her students and this further instil led in her the power of her additional responsibility and prowess in her profession. The preceptor planned the time management, prioritization of care and delegation of work. Smedley and Penney had advocated a preceptor’s course for registered nurses which improved their skills for preceptorship to produce a learning relationship in their work setting. The mentored nursing students would advance in professional skills, elevating their knowledge and gradually changing their attitudes to the profession through an action-learning process.

How drugs cause crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

How drugs cause crime - Essay Example Thesis There is no evidence suggesting that crime results from the direct effects of the drugs themselves, but drug addiction leads to deviant behavior, unemployment, lack of financial resources and poverty - the direct causes of crime. The most obvious and superficial way to define crime is to say that it is the violation of regulations of society. In advanced societies which have transcribed their rules of conduct into criminal law, crime is a violation of the code. The statement is intended to show that the rules of conduct in society define and make crime. Whether society is dealing with crime in an advanced society having a written criminal code or crime in an unadvanced society having unwritten mores, it is evident that criminal behavior is a violation of the rules of the social order. Every society, through the accumulation of its heritages and culture, possesses a body of social values that are conceived to be important to its welfare. The mores define the rules of conduct so as to protect and preserve these important values (Akers and Sellers 26). Repeated use of a psychoactive substance or substances, to the extent that the user (referred to as an addict) is periodically or chronically intoxicated, shows a compulsion to take the preferred substance (or substances), has great difficulty in voluntarily ceasing or modifying substance use, and exhibits determination to obtain psychoactive substances by almost any means† (). Taking into account the psychological theory, it is possible to say that the drug addict as a degenerate and vicious criminal much given to violent crimes and sex orgies. More and more people are coming to understand the nature of opiate drugs and the meaning of addiction. Such pain-killers are the drugs of choice of most persons who are fully addicted in the sense described below (Akers and Sellers 34). This is an important point, because the continued use of these opiate-type